How will China impact the global battery supply chain?

A particular focus was on the impact of China, given the potential repercussions of future export restrictions on specific battery production technologies, which could significantly affect the global supply chain .

Is China capitalising a LIB-cell EV market?

A considerable proportion of this equity is already capitalised by China, as it possesses 49 % of the intellectual property for the LIB-cell-production . One of the primary domains in which LIBs are employed is the EV market, which is anticipated to generate revenue in excess of 800 billion US dollars on a global scale by the year 2025 .

Which materials are used in lithium ion batteries?

Lithium, nickel, manganese, and cobalt are of particular significance for the dominant lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology, primarily relying on lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cathodes. Geographically, the global supply is heavily reliant on China with competition expected to intensify.

Which countries use capital power to boost supply chain impact?

China, Europe and the USA use capital power to boost impact across the supply chain. Political factors further strengthen China's control in mining. China's dominance in LFP-production exceeds 98 %. NMC-based LIBs promise less supply vulnerabilities, greater growth, and sovereignty.

Which countries are most impacted by lithium & cobalt acquisitions?

Whilst the USA ranks second in ownership stakes regarding the mining of Lithium and Europe's stakes are negligible (Fig. 2), the situation is the opposite for nickel and cobalt. The most substantial regions impacted by the corporate acquisitions are Australia, Indonesia, and the DRC with regard to lithium, nickel, and cobalt, respectively.

Which countries are pursuing a greater control over the Lib supply chain?

Similar to China, Europe and the USA are pursuing a greater control over the LIB supply chain through the acquisition of mines and refineries. Whilst the USA ranks second in ownership stakes regarding the mining of Lithium and Europe's stakes are negligible (Fig. 2), the situation is the opposite for nickel and cobalt.